Islamic Studies · Core sciences
Aqeedah & Theology
Aqeedah is what a Muslim believes: the oneness of Allah, His names and attributes, the unseen, prophethood, and the life to come. This page maps the classical structure of the subject and links to the lessons that are written.
The articles of faith
The six things a Muslim affirms, in the order they are usually taught.
- AvailableTawheed — the oneness of AllahThe three categories scholars use (Lordship, worship, names and attributes), what breaks tawheed, and why it is the centre of the message. Read the lesson →
- AvailableWho is Allah?Knowing Allah through what He has told us about Himself in the Qur’an — His names and attributes, affirmed without distortion or denial. Read the lesson →
- AvailableThe six articles of faithBelief in Allah, the angels, the revealed books, the messengers, the Last Day, and the divine decree — with the hadith of Jibril as the basis. Read the lesson →
- AvailableAngels, books and prophetsIndividual modules on the unseen creation, the earlier scriptures, and the chain of prophethood from Adam to Muhammad ﷺ. Read the lesson →
- AvailableThe Hereafter (al-akhirah)Death, the grave, the resurrection, the reckoning, the Scale, the Bridge, Paradise and the Fire. Read the lesson →
- AvailableQadr — the divine decreeWhat belief in qadr means and does not mean, its levels, and the balance between decree and human responsibility. Read the lesson →
Historical theology
How Muslim scholars discussed and defended the creed, and the schools that formed around those discussions. Planned, and to be presented by describing each position fairly rather than arguing for one.
- AvailableIlm al-KalamThe history of systematic theological reasoning in Islam — why it arose, what it addressed, and how scholars regarded it. Read the lesson →
- AvailableThe Athari, Ash’ari and Maturidi schoolsThe three main Sunni approaches to the names and attributes and to reason and revelation. Read the lesson →
- AvailableThe Mu’tazila and other historical groupsThe rationalist school and the debates of the early centuries, treated as intellectual history. Read the lesson →
This page follows the site’s Sources & Methodology: Qur’an and authentic hadith are identified as such, scholarly positions are attributed, and genuine differences are stated rather than hidden.