Islamic Studies · Core sciences
Fiqh
Fiqh is the understanding of Islamic rulings from their evidence — how to perform worship correctly, and how to act rightly in dealings between people. This page maps the subject and links to the rulings that are written; where scholars genuinely differ, the difference is stated.
’Ibadat — the fiqh of worship
Purification, prayer, fasting, zakat and pilgrimage. Much of this is already written under Worship; it is linked here so the fiqh sits in one map.
- AvailableTaharah — purificationHow to perform wudu, ghusl and tayammum — with the points of agreement and the genuine differences marked. Wudu & what breaks it → Ghusl → Tayammum →
- AvailableSalah — the prayerConditions, the five daily prayers and their rak’ahs, how to pray step by step, what to recite, prayer times, and common mistakes — ten lessons. Open the Salah Centre →
- AvailableSawm — fastingThe rules of the Ramadan fast: intention, what breaks it, what does not, making up missed days, and fidya. Read the fasting section →
- AvailableZakatWhat zakat is, the eight categories who receive it (Qur’an 9:60), the nisab and the 2.5% rate, plus a simple estimate calculator. Read the zakat section →
- AvailableHajj & UmrahThe rites explained through reliable sources, with the talbiyah and the authentically established supplications. Open Hajj & Umrah →
Mu’amalat — the fiqh of dealings
Rulings for trade, money and everyday transactions. Planned as a module — the outline shows how it will be organised.
- AvailableTrade and contractsValid sales, conditions and options, prohibited elements (riba, gharar, deception), and the ethics of buying and selling. Read the lesson →
- AvailableDebt, business and employmentLoans and repayment, partnerships, wages and workers’ rights, and honesty in business. Read the lesson →
- AvailableFinancial ethics and the familySpending obligations, inheritance in outline, and handling money justly within a household. Read the lesson →
How rulings are derived
The tools scholars use to reach a ruling, and why qualified scholars sometimes reach different ones. This connects to the planned Usul al-Fiqh module.
- AvailableThe four Sunni madhahibHanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i and Hanbali — how the schools formed, and why following a school has been the norm. Read the lesson →
- AvailableIjma’, qiyas and ijtihadConsensus, reasoning by analogy, and the effort of the qualified scholar to reach a ruling. Read the lesson →
- AvailableUnderstanding scholarly differenceWhere difference is legitimate, how to deal with it, and why it is not a weakness in the tradition. Read the lesson →
Where a fiqh question has recognised differences between scholars or schools, that difference is identified rather than one opinion being presented as universally agreed. For a specific personal situation, ask a qualified scholar. See Sources & Methodology.