These are supplications for a calamity, and for a death. Their Arabic is on this page; this narration gives their meaning. The funeral prayer itself is explained in its own lesson.

When a calamity strikes, the Qur'an describes the patient as those who say, in Surah Al-Baqarah, chapter two, verse one hundred and fifty-six: “Indeed we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we will return.” Umm Salamah reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, taught a further supplication to say with it, whose meaning is: “O Allah, reward me for my affliction and give me something better than it in exchange for it.” She said it after the death of her husband, Abu Salamah. That is in Sahih Muslim.

At a death, the family should make supplication for the deceased, and say only good words. When the Prophet closed the eyes of Abu Salamah, he prayed for him, asking Allah to forgive him, raise his rank among the rightly guided, look after those he left behind, make his grave spacious, and fill it with light. For another person, their name takes the place of Abu Salamah's.

In the funeral prayer, the Prophet's supplication for the deceased, remembered by Awf ibn Malik and recorded in Sahih Muslim, asks Allah to forgive the person, have mercy on them, receive them with honour, make their grave spacious, cleanse them of faults as a white garment is cleansed, admit them to the Garden, and protect them from the punishment of the grave and of the Fire.

To comfort someone who has lost a loved one, the Prophet's own words to his daughter are a model. In meaning: “Whatever Allah takes is for Him and whatever He gives, is for Him, and everything with Him has a limited fixed term,” so be patient, and hope for Allah's reward. That is in Sahih al-Bukhari. In the same report, the Prophet's eyes shed tears, and he said this is mercy that Allah places in the hearts of His servants. Crying is not wrong.

And when visiting a graveyard, the Prophet taught a greeting whose meaning is: “Peace be upon you, the inhabitants of the city, among the believers, and Muslims, and God willing we shall join you. I beg of Allah peace for us and for you.”

For the Arabic of each supplication, learn from a teacher or a verified recording.